sergeant dude: Amartya Sen

Monday, June 14, 2010

Amartya Sen

Amartya Kumar Sen CH is an eminent Indian economist. He is currently the Thomas W. Lamont University Professor and Professor of Economics and Philosophy at Harvard University. He is also a fellow of Trinity College at the University of Cambridge, where from 1998 to 2004 he was Master, the first Indian academic to head an Oxbridge college. In 1998, Sen won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his contributions to work on welfare economics.

He is known as "the Mother Teresa of Economics" for his work on famine, human development theory, welfare economics, the underlying mechanisms of poverty, gender inequality, and political liberalism.

Amartya Sen's books have been translated into more than thirty languages. He is a trustee of Economists for Peace and Security. He has received over 80 honorary doctorates. In the year 2010, Time magazine listed him among the 100 most influential persons in the world.

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Difference Between Which and That

Which or That?

While both which and that can be used in other constructions, the confusion usually arises when they are being used as relative pronouns to introduce adjective (or relative) clauses. In the examples below, we have bracketed the adjective clauses. (Remember that a clause is simply a group of words containing a subject and a verb):

1. Our house [that has a red door and green shutters] needs painting.

2. Our house, [which has a red door and green shutters], needs painting.

3. The classrooms [that were painted over the summer] are bright and cheerful.

4. The classrooms, [which were painted over the summer], are bright and cheerful.

In all four cases, the adjective clause tells us something about either the house or the classrooms, but the choice of which or that changes the way we should read each sentence.

The rule of thumb, then, is that which clauses are nonrestrictive (nonessential) while that clauses are restrictive (essential). Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are set off from the rest of a sentence by a pair of commas (as in our examples above) or by a single comma if they come at the end of the sentence. (Example: "I took a vacation day on my birthday, which happened to fall on a Monday this year.")

TEST YOURSELF:

Which pronoun--which or that--belongs in each blank below?

1. Carlos gave Maria a study guide for material ________ was going to be on the test.

2. Carlos gave Maria notes from chapters 3 through 7 _________ were going to be on the test.

3. Mark and Sarah took their children on every vacation _________ they took to the coast.

4. The teachers gave awards to all paintings ________ showed originality.

ANSWERS:(that,which,that,that)