Submarine volcanoes are general features on the ocean floor. Some are lively and, in shallow water, reveal their presence by blasting steam and rocky wreckage high above the surface of the sea. Many others recline at such great depths that the marvelous weight of the water above them prevents the volatile release of steam and gases, though they can be detected by hydrophones and staining of water because of volcanic gases. Pumice rafts may also appear. Even large submarine eruptions may not upset the ocean surface. Because of the rapid cooling effect of water as compared to air, and increased buoyancy, submarine volcanoes often form rather steep pillars over their volcanic vents as compared to above-surface volcanoes. They may become so large that they break the ocean surface as new islands. Pillow lava is a ordinary eruptive product of submarine volcanoes.
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